managing sanitation at pR

sustainable design (like permaculture) mandates that 'nothing goes to waste' including 'waste', i.e., there is nothing that is waste, i.e.^2, everything has a use.

a potentially queasy problem in going off-the-grid is the management of human waste (note - not disposal, but management)

lets get to the evolution of the toilet design at pR.

stage 1
the simplest toilet in the world in the hole in the ground.
this hole is connected to a tank/pit which collects the faeces/urine/water.
in cities with areas not connected by sewarage systems, this tank is called the septic tank and the municipal authorities arrange to empty them at designated intervals.
in villages, sulabh's bindeshwar pathak and safai vidyalaya's ishwarbhai patel have pioneered the two-pit latrine system aka pour-flush-compost latrine.
this is how this system has been installed at pR. the pic on the right shows the top covers of the two pits.


the key short-coming of this system, is the potential contamination of the ground water (by leaching) as the faeces is mixed with the flush-water and the urine (total approx 3 litres per use).
also, in the case of heavy flooding, there is a risk of leakage into the over-ground fresh water systems (lakes, tanks, etc).

stage 2
it was clearly evident that we would need to address the above shortcomings.
1. the faeces should be kept separate from water and urine.
2. the faeces collection should be safe from flooding.

enter the urine diverting ecopan from paul calvert's eco-solutions.
here it is installed at pR.
this is the indian style version. the wooden frame (pic on right) is for holding.


explanation of this design (refer to the pic on the left).
1. the middle of the long pan is for the urine colletion.
2. the lid (with red knob) covers the pit into which the faeces drops (there are 2 pits on either side of the urine collector - the knobbed one is in use and the other is closed).
3. the short pan on the left of the pic is for washing the backside post dropping.

this entire system is mounted (with brick and mortar) at a height of around 2 feet. so the faeces collection pit is above ground.
sawdust is used extensively to line the bottom of the pit prior to usage and after each use to cover the faeces. this will absorb excess moisture and prevent odours, etc.
the urine and wash water could be directly led to plant beds just outside the toilet.
Note: - we will be running the urine through a charcoal bed as we feel that it is too concentrated to be directly given to plants.

now the important part - what happens to the faeces.
the capacity of the collection pit is approx 5 cu ft.
and 5 people can use it for over 6 months without even hitting 50%.
at this stage, the in-use pit will be closed (after generous dumping of sawdust) and the sitting position is reversed and the other pit will be start being used.
within 6 months, the faeces in the closed pit will have decomposed and can be easily and safely removed and used as manure (very high quality).

the key shortcoming of this system is the physical discomfort involved in the perpendicular swivel move to reach the backside wash pan. and not too appropriate for saree wearers.

Stage 3
the Ecosan urine diverting toilet from biome solutions is a better design with the backside wash pan comfortably placed just behind the faeces pit. so a simple shuffle of around 3 inches behind will place the user right above this pan.

this design will be optimised shortly in Stage 4.

colony

as per dictionary.com, colony means:
1. a group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation. 2. the country or district settled or colonized
3. any group of individuals having similar interests, occupations, etc., usually living in a particular locality; community: a colony of artists.
and a few other definitions...

scores of tamilians live in defined colonies in matunga and sion in mumbai (definition no. 1).
india was a british colony (definition no. 2).

my parents have lived in syndicate bank colony since 1975 (definition no. 3).

i have never thought of this word in any connotation other than the above definitions.
till Point Return happened and specifically the cycle trip.

in rural TN, colony refers to the part of the village where the lower castes (dalits) stay. see outlook's report where this definition is detailed.
the situation of the lower castes (dalits) in TN is pretty abysmal (a simple search with 'dalit tamilnadu' tells this story).
and contrary to popular rhetoric (of the dravidian parties - DMK, AIADMK, etc), the current atrocities on dalits are not inflicted by brahmins, but by those who are just above them in the caste hierarchy.
but it is true that the brahmins (including a few in my own family) hold the dalits (sudras) in extremely low regard.

so how does it look, out there in the villages and in the segregated 'colonies'.
1. they are filthier/dirtier
2. they are visibly poorer (from the type of huts)
3. the kids wear lesser clothes and look scruffier and scrawnier.
4. ambedkar statues and busts are aplenty.
5. plethora of paraphernalia of dalit based political parties like VCK (dalit panther's party) and BSP (of mayawati).

in addition to these visible differences, the colonies face a high level of violence inflicted by the higher castes and are easy target for religious conversions.

saddening as it was to assimilate these visuals and read the reports, there is a newer form of economic casteism evolving in the cities, which could be just as dangerous.

Pal Pot

Nope, this is not about any misspelt Cambodian dictator.

This is a masonry activity that is common at pR.

All water storage (for immediate use) is done in earthen (aka clay) pots (they are spread over the topography at pR and are one of the beautiful sights over here. see carefully below (left photo) for the 3 pots in the background and the right is the 2 beauts in the bathroom.

And each of them is a lovley mini-elephant, over 100 lts in volume.

For newcomers to earthenware, clay pots are porous. i.e., stored water is likely to ooze out slowly (this aids evaporative cooling – the scientific reason why water stored in clay pots are cool). This will lead to algal formation on the pots (inside and outside).

To prevent this, the pots have to coated on the inside with a cement mixutre .

Cement is mixed with water and taken to the consistency of pal (tamil for milk)). There is no sand added. This mixture is called cement pal.

This is painted with a regular paint brush. The pal coats the inside to provide the leak-proofing.

Two coats of the pal should be done to ensure full leak prevention.

reporting other news

sainath critically analyses farmer suicides (yes, once again).

Maharashtra has logged 41,404 farm suicides from 1997 (over a fifth of the national total) and 44,468 from 1995, the year when this State began recording farm data. No other State comes close. During 1997-2002, Maharashtra saw, on average, eight farmers kill themselves daily. The corresponding figure rose to 11 during 2003-2008. The rise was from an average of 2,833 farm suicides a year in the first period to an average of 4067 in the next period. more...

guha writes another tribute to gandhi. his leadership creation skills was one his magnificent legacies for us to emulate.

One of Gandhi's less-noticed achievements was his making leaders of followers. Vallabhbhai Patel was given charge of building the Congress party; Jawaharlal Nehru of reaching out to the youth and to the West; C. Rajagopalachari with taking the nationalist message to south India; Maulana Abul Kalam Azad with taking this message to Muslims. The delegation of responsibility was also followed with regard to the constructive programme; thus J B Kripalani was asked to set up khadi centres, J C Kumarappa set to work on reviving the agrarian economy, Zakir Hussain was charged with designing an educational curriculum. In later years, the trust reposed in them by Gandhi helped these men make substantial contributions to the political and cultural life of the nation. more...

TOI highlights the sorry state of higher education (engineering) in TN.

In an alarming indication of the turbulent state of affairs in Tamil Nadu's self-financing engineering colleges, it has emerged that more than 51,000 BE/B.Tech seats are lying vacant for want of students in the current academic year.

This figure is a significant and unparalleled 31% of the 1,65,980 seats, (including a few BArch seats), that were available in the 440 engineering colleges both under government and management quotas.

Latest admission statistics in engineering colleges compiled by officials of the higher education ministry revealed that only 1,14,518 seats were filled up during the admission season that started in July (government quota) and ended in October (management quota). more...

Tree names

I had promised to my students that I would continue to interact with them through the trees at pR.

Vague as it may sound, my thinking stemmed from my belief that plants react to human interaction (refer Secret Lives of Plants) in almost human-like fashion (actually, the react in a much more mature fashion than most humans)...

So what better way than to name them after those students who spent over 6 years with me learning and teaching simultaneously.

But who to start with and how?

The first 3 days at pR did not give me much space to action this. It was there in the back of my mind, and I was keen for this to happen with a decent level of spontaneity.

So as we settled into our daily routine of sickling the grass in the inter-tree and around-tree spaces, I had cleared the spaces around two trees. One was a coconut tree and the other was a pongamia. Both were struggling (former was shorter than his peers and latter was affected by extensive leaf damage).

This was the connection. These were the ones which I will now nurse carefully.

The Coconut tree is now called Latif and the Pongamia is called Naheeda. That after 2 of my ardent students. They were the ones who inspired me to be lyrical and the memories of us singing together will be evergreen!!

Here are their photos. Naheeda followed by Latif.

More to follow.

Beautiful Visitors/Residents

pR has many more beautiful visitors/residents than the human ones including us.
With the growing spread of trees, shrubs, grass, etc., this will just multiply to numbers which will surpass advanced level mathematics.

Some beautiful insects, reptiles, bovines, birds congregate at pR – going about their daily eat-drink-shit routine with enviable equanimity.

Here is one of the beauties we found one day while clearing grass. Such a pretty little fellow.

Meri Jaan Meri Jaan – Cycling on Sunday

Sunday is a day off for us too. We had the time to ourselves and we decided to take a cycle trip (our preferred mode of local transport) around the neighbourhood.

The route we took was a full circle with pR as a point on the circumference.

pR -> Kaatudevadoor -> Chittamoor ->Mudukarai -> Jamin Endathur -> pR (the names roll off the tongue with so much vigour, doesn't it).

The country-side is just a splendid place. Small villages, tons of greenery, low traffic roads (hence low noise), colourful temples by the dozen and lovely birds.

The 3 hours we spent (including stops for chai, etc) saw us cover over 22 kms and make us the current endurance champions of Jamin Endathur. We had met a couple of locals on the way and when we indicated the route we took, incredulous looks met us and mental calculators whirred away (to arrive at the 22 kms figure).

So what started out as a simple Sunday morning stroll has made us popular in the neighbourhood.

More cycling the in the coming Sundays.

Blasting away our anonymity

After almost 4 years of hiding behind CSM and Fun – yeah, it is time to raise the curtains.

And here is a small feature on us on the pR site.

My good friend Abodh at Straying Around must now be mighty pleased with this expose :-)

Ballelakka

Those tuned to Tamil movies and those of Rajinikanth will recall this post title to the foot-tapping 'entrance song' in Sivaji - The Boss.

The lyrics talk about the beauty of rural life in comparison to the hurly-burly of city life.

On the suggestion of the erudite Ludwig, the rural-experiments series of this blog will hereafter be tagged as Ballelakka.

Trite as it may sound, it shows my respect for Rajini as well as Ludwig :-)

"so much more" includes...

as briefly mentioned earlier in 3 days at pR, so much more covers...

1. baby steps on the yanmar mini-excavator...


2. lopping off a thin part of my forefinger in a mis-aligned lemon cutting exercise and disinfecting and coagulating the wound with a wonderful local herb...


3. gathering much valuable cow urine from the beautiful cows at pR...


and the beauty of them all (which is a work in progress) - the water flow system design - the virtuous water cycle of pR.
1. water gets pumped by the windmill into the holding tanks.
2. the overflow will be spread out across the vegetable growing areas. the water will flow under the vegetable beds rather than over them.
3. the excess from this will recharge the swales, which will recharge the ground water.
4. through all this water flowing, there will be minimum evaporation-loss because of massive mulch cover.

first 3 days at point return

just back from an intensive/exhaustive (note - not exhausting)/invigorating/enriching 3 days at point return.

1. started making friends with the cows that are hosted at pR.
2. started the process of making another banana circle (also endearingly called kannamma (கண்ணம்மா). details will follow.
3. started to understand the power of swales for storing water. such a majestic topographical design.

and so much more.

thinking of starting a new section at Fun, yeah?
what say readers...

haiti - torn asunder

the population of haiti is approx 9.7 million.
nearly 100,000 people are feared to have died from the massive earthquake of Jan 12.
thats 1% of the population eliminated in a few seconds (and another 3-4% rendered homeless and destitute, it is devastating).
like banda aceh from dec 2004 (5 years later, banda aceh seems to have moved on).

and when the affected include decision makers, then chaos is inevitable...